KEPASTIAN TEOLOGIS DALAM DOA: STUDI EKSEGETIS KUALITATIF ATAS 1 YOHANES 5:14–15 DALAM KERANGKA KEHENDAK ILAHI DAN JAMINAN IMAN
Keywords:
Doa, 1 Yohanes, Kehendak Ilahi, Jaminan iman, teologi Yohanes, formasi rohaniAbstract
ABSTRACT
The problem of unanswered prayer remains one of the most persistent theological and pastoral challenges in Christian spirituality. While believers affirm that God hears prayer, the discrepancy between expectation and outcome often produces doubt and theological confusion. This study examines 1 John 5:14–15 as a key Johannine text that articulates a theology of prayer grounded not in human control but in divine will and relational assurance. Using a qualitative theological approach that integrates textual-exegetical analysis, biblical-theological interpretation, and systematic-theological synthesis, this study explores the meaning of parrēsia (confidence), the role of divine will, and the epistemological structure of faith assurance within the passage. The findings indicate that prayer in Johannine theology is covenantal, regulated by divine will, and sustained by trust in God’s character rather than empirical outcomes (Stott, 1988; Kruse, 2000). This study proposes a theological alignment model consisting of divine sovereignty, human petition, faith assurance, and epistemological limitation as interrelated dimensions. It argues that certainty in prayer is not derived from visible results but from the ontological reliability of God. The study concludes that prayer is not a mechanism for controlling divine action but a transformative participation in God’s will, shaping believers toward spiritual maturity and relational trust (Keller, 2014; Willard, 1998).
Keywords: Prayer, 1 John, divine will, faith assurance, Johannine theology, spiritual formation
ABSTRAK
Masalah doa yang tidak terjawab tetap menjadi salah satu tantangan teologis dan pastoral yang paling kuat dalam spiritualitas Kristen. Meskipun orang percaya meyakini bahwa Allah mendengar doa, ketidaksesuaian antara harapan dan kenyataan sering menimbulkan keraguan dan kebingungan teologis. Penelitian ini mengkaji 1 Yohanes 5:14–15 sebagai teks kunci Yohanes yang merumuskan teologi doa yang berakar bukan pada kendali manusia, melainkan pada kehendak ilahi dan jaminan relasional. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan teologis kualitatif yang mengintegrasikan analisis tekstual-eksegetis, penafsiran biblika-teologis, dan sintesis teologis-sistematis, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi makna parrēsia atau keberanian/keyakinan, peran kehendak ilahi, serta struktur epistemologis jaminan iman dalam teks tersebut. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa doa dalam teologi Yohanes bersifat kovenantal, diatur oleh kehendak Allah, dan ditopang oleh kepercayaan kepada karakter Allah, bukan oleh hasil empiris semata (Stott, 1988; Kruse, 2000). Penelitian ini mengusulkan model keselarasan teologis yang terdiri dari kedaulatan ilahi, permohonan manusia, jaminan iman, dan keterbatasan epistemologis sebagai dimensi yang saling terkait. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa kepastian dalam doa tidak bersumber dari hasil yang terlihat, tetapi dari keandalan ontologis Allah. Dengan demikian, doa bukanlah mekanisme untuk mengendalikan tindakan ilahi, melainkan partisipasi transformatif dalam kehendak Allah yang membentuk orang percaya menuju kedewasaan rohani dan kepercayaan relasional (Keller, 2014; Willard, 1998).
Kata kunci: Doa, 1 Yohanes, kehendak ilahi, jaminan iman, teologi Yohanes, formasi rohani.
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